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History

INTRODUCTION

When Columbus, on October 28, 1492, first landed on Cuba it was inhabited by the Siboney, a friendly tribe related to the Arawak. Colonization of the island began in 1511, when the Spanish soldier Diego Velázquez established the town of Baracoa. Velázquez subsequently founded several other settlements, including Santiago de Cuba in 1514 and Havana in 1515.

The Spanish transformed Cuba into a supply base for their expeditions to Mexico and Florida. As a result of savage treatment and exploitation, the aborigines became, by the middle of the 16th century, nearly extinct, forcing the colonists to depend on imported black slaves for the operation of the mines and plantations.

HISTORICAL DATES

Octubre 27, 1492: Discovery of Cuba by Cristopher Colombus

November 16, 1519: Foundation of San Cristóbal de La Habana in its current site. This is the last of the seven villas established by Spaniards.

August 12, 1762: Havana is taken by the English

January 28, 1853: National Heroe José Martí is born.

October 10, 1868: Beginning of the independence wars.

March 15, 1878: Protest of Baraguá.

1880: Formal abolition of slavery, coming into effect 6 years later.

April 10, 1892: Foundation of the Cuban Revolutionary Party.

February 24, 1895: beginning of the last independence war

May 19, 1895: José Martí dies.

December 7, 1896: Antonio Maceo dies in combat.

1898: American intervention.

May 20, 1902: establishment of a neocolonial republic.

1925: Foundation of the first Communist Cuban Party of Cuba

July 26, 1953: Assault to Moncada Garrison by the revolutionaries headed by Fidel Castro.

December 2, 1956: Debarkation of Granma yacht

January 1st, 1959: Triumph of the Revolution

April 19, 1961: Defeat of mercenary imperialist at Playa Girón.

December 22, 1961: Cuba is free from illiteracy

HOLIDAYS

January 1: Liberation Day. Anniversary of the Triumph of the Revolution

May 1: International Workers' Day.

July 25, 26 and 27: Festivities in honor of the July 26, 1953 attack on Moncada Garrison

October 10: Beginning of the Wars of Independence.

December 25: Christmas Day.

COMMEMORATIONS

January 28 - Birth of the National Hero José Martí (1853)

February 24 - Restart, in 1895, of the struggle for independence

March 8 - International Women's Day.

March 13 - Attack on the Presidential Palace (1957) by a group of young revolutionaries.

April 19 - Victory at Playa Girón (Bay of Pigs) and the first major defeat of US imperialism in Latin America (1961).

July 30 – Martyrs´ Day.

October 8 - Death in combat of Ernesto Che Guevara. (1967)

October 28 - Disappearance of Commander Camilo Cienfuegos (1959).

November 27 - Eight medical students shot by firing squad under the orders of the Spanish government (1871).

December 7 - Death in combat of Lieutenant General Antonio Maceo (1896).

 

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